Cooper, modern electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques prentice hall. It is unfortunate that an electrical system normally depends upon a mechanical meter movement as indicating device. May 5, 2019 electrical measurements and measuring instruments1. The value of the quantity can be measured by measuring the net deflection of the pointer from its initial position. In this article we will discuss only types of electrical measuring instruments. Electrical measurements and measuring instruments 1949 addeddate 20170119 21. Sep 30, 2019 electrical measurements notes pdf em notes pdf electrical measurements notes pdf em notes pdf. Measuring centres 7 use the mc 740 multifunction meter is used for monitoring and measuring electrical quantities of a threephase electricenergy distribution system. Classification of measuring instruments instrumentation. Electronic instruments have faster responses and are able to detect dynamic changes in different attributes. Photograph your local culture, help wikipedia and win.
No electrical measuring instrument can be made with perfect accuracy but it is important to find out what accuracy actually is and how different types of errors have entered into the measurement actual reading. To accurately model our systems, we must take nonidealities into account. Mechanical engineering conventional and objective type by r. The meter is provided with 32 program adjustable alarms, up to four inputs or outputs and communication.
These errors are due to the external condition of the measuring devices. Electrical measurements and measuring instruments1. The term measurement means the comparison between the two quantities of the same unit. A multimeter ora multitester, also known as a voltohm meter or vom is, an. Disadvantages of permanent magnet moving coil instruments. Jan 14, 2017 electrical and electronic measuring equipment. Electronics and electrical measuring instruments and their. The process in which assembly of several electrical, measuring and control instruments interconnected for measuring, analyzing and controlling the electrical and nonelectrical physical quantities is called as instrumentation. Below is the list of measuring instruments used in electrical and electronic work.
We can classify the basic measuring instruments into the following two types. The output of electrical transducer is equivalent to the input, which has nonelectrical energy. Unique and innovative tools for electricians, electrical contractors, maintenance and telecom professionals hand tools, wire pulling and electrical installation tools. A basic electronics device or instrument used to measure voltage or electrical potential difference between two points in electrical circuits is known as voltmeter. Types voltmeters for measuring differences of potential voltage between two points in an electrical circuit. But before proceeding further, it good to refresh the definitions and terms used in measurements, instruments. Errors may arise from different sources and are usually classified as under. List of electrical and electronic measuring equipment.
It also deals with the measurement of rlc parameters voltage, current power factor, power, energy and. Classification according to the electrical quantity. The quantity are measured in terms of constants and from the deflection of the instruments only. This is achieved by utilizing the various effects of electric current or voltage. Without these instruments, it is not possible to measure the dimensions of the specimen. Electrical measuring instruments presented by suhail ahmed bsamt02161001 2. Electrical measurements and measuring instruments 1949. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. Measuring instruments plays a vital role in the engineering workshop. Classification of measuring instruments circuit globe.
List of electrical and electronic measuring equipment wikipedia. Be the first to comment on five types of electrical test and measurement equipment you cant work without leave a comment. Classification, absolute and secondary instruments, indicating instruments. The output of electrical transducer is equivalent to the input, which has non electrical energy. Classification of electrical instruments electrical tutorials. Electrical field, e, is the negative of the gradient in electrical potential, i.
Megger tester measures resistance of an winding of motor or generator and measures earthings resistance. Pdf electrical measurements and instrumentation nickey. Here, i am describing the major concepts of electrical measuring instruments in detail. The inclusion of an electrical measurement course in the undergraduate curriculum of electrical engineering is important in forming the technical and scientific knowledge of future electrical engineers. If the instruments can measure the basic electrical quantities, such as voltage and current are known as basic measuring instruments. Cooper, modern electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques prentice hall, 1994. Here we are interested in electrical measuring instruments so we will discuss about them in detail. Although the dipstick and lead line method of level measurement are unrivalled in accuracy, reliability, and dependability, there are drawbacks to this technique.
Understanding about industrial instrumentation in real. Electrical instruments, though use more rapid method of indicating the output, yet have limitations due to the use of mechanical meters. Apr 15, 2020 classification of electrical measuring instruments. The measuring instruments are used frequently in our daytoday life for the measurement of various quantities like length, weight, temperature, pressure, current, voltage etc. They are very reliable for static and stable conditions. Classification of electrical instruments electrical. These instruments converts the energy of the measured quantity directly into energy that actuates the instrument and the value of the unknown quantity is measured or displayed or recorded directly. Classification, absolute and secondary instruments, indicating instruments, control, balancing and damping, constructional details, characteristics, errors in measurement, ammeters, voltmeters. Define spring control method, gravity control method, air friction damping, fluid friction damping, eddy current damping, types of damping torque in measuring instruments. The electrical quantity or characteristic measured, or the type of test function for which. Induction type siqgle phase and three phase energy meter, compensation, creep. Before this article, i have shared an electrical measuring instrument covering all different instruments and their uses the main functions of the measuring instrument are indicating, recording, detecting, controlling and testing the electrical units. These instruments are so constructed that the deflection of such instruments gives the magnitude of the electrical quantity to be measured directly.
Principles of electrical measurement by slawomir tumanski. A classification schematic of digital instruments fig. Such types of errors mainly occur due to the effect of temperature, pressure, humidity, dust, vibration or because of the magnetic or electrostatic field. Classification of electrical measuring instruments. These types of erro the loading effect and misuse of the instruments. As shown in the figure, electrical transducer will produce an output, which has electrical energy. These instruments are used as standards in labs and institution. A typical multimeter may include features such as the ability to measure. Though crude as this methods seems, it is accurate to about 0. The corrective measures employed to eliminate or to reduce these undesirable effects are. That combines several measurements functions in one unit.
Both signal generation signal generators, power supplies and signal measurement multimeters, scopes instruments are nonideal. These instruments required to calibrated with respect to the standard instrument. The ammeter, voltmeter, wattmeter are the examples of the electrical measuring instrument. In this post we will discuss about classification of electrical instruments. Apr 21, 2014 be the first to comment on five types of electrical test and measurement equipment you cant work without leave a comment cancel reply your email address will not be published. Electrical measuring instruments electrical measuring instruments published by iskra mis, d. Types of electrical measuring instruments absolute and. A permanent magnet moving coil pmmc meter also known as a darsonval meter or galvanometer is an instrument that allows you to measure the current through a coil by observing the coils angular deflection in a uniform magnetic field. Instrumentation and measurement in electrical engineering.
This is the second article based on the electrical instruments classification of electrical measuring instruments. Option is communication module for reading measured values and instrument setting. Comparison between attraction and repulsion types of instruments. Classification of measuring instruments electrical. Instruments for the measurement of electric voltage are called voltmeters. Be able to perform simple electrical measurements of voltage, current, and resistance, as well as more sophisticated, scientific electrical measurements, master handheld and more accurate stationary multimeters and understand their differences, have some knowledge of use of ac signals, ac generators, and an oscilloscope. The measuring instrument categorised into three types electrical instrument. One important requirement in indicating instruments is the arrangement for producing operating or deflecting torque t d when the instrument is connected in the circuit to measure the given electrical quantity. Deflecting controlling damping torque your electrical guide. Power consumption is also very low in these types of instruments. The magnitude of one of the quantity is unknown, and it is compared with the predefined value.
Mar 15, 2020 basically there are three types of measuring instruments and they are electrical measuring instruments mechanical measuring instruments. In these types of instruments, pointer of the electrical measuring instrument deflects to measure the quantity. The disadvantage is they are unable to respond rapidly to measurement of dynamic and transient conditions. Before starting any electrical or electronics device installations or studying electrical practical, we should know about the measurements and its measuring instruments. Electrical and electronics measurements and instrumentation. Electrical measuring instruments definitions, types. Tangent galvanometer, reyleigh current balance and absolute electrometer are some of the examples of absolute instruments. Electrical instruments measure the various electrical quantities like electrical power factor, power, voltage and. There 1s an extensive coverage 4f electrical and electronic instrumentation in this. On the base of electrical and electronics study, measuring instruments are classified into different categories with different perspectives.
Electrical measurements notes pdf em notes pdf electrical measurements notes pdf em notes pdf. These are having multiple advantages, a single instrument can be used for measuring various quantities by using different values of shunts and multipliers. Physical methods, instruments and measurements measurements of electrical quantities jan saliga encyclopedia of life support systems eolss where q is the charge and t the time. The reference multimeters and calibrators 69 references 71 3. Testos range of electrical measuring instruments cover all important measurements for testing electrical systems, and features topquality digital multimeters, clamp meters, voltage testers, currentvoltage testers and ncv testers. Available is rs232 or rs485 communication type module. Electrical measurements pdf notes em pdf notes smartzworld. Jan 15, 2019 what is a permanent magnet moving coil pmmc. Use of electrical test equipment test equipment is necessary for determining proper setup, adjustment, operation, and maintenance of electrical systems and control panels. The classification of the electric instruments depends on the methods of representing the output reading.
The block diagram of electrical transducer is shown in below figure. Below are some examples of how the instruments themselves change our measurements. A study of errors is a first step in finding ways to reduce them. Classification of digital measuring instruments springerlink. The following is a general procedure for use of test equipment. Electrical measurements notes pdf em notes pdf electrical measurements pdf notes em pdf notes. Electrical measuring instruments types accuracy precision. Jan 24, 2019 friends is video me ham apko types of electrical measuring instruments ke bare me bata rahe hai, jisme apko according to the utility. I am describing each classified electrical measuring instrument, onebyone. Graduates in electrical or mechanical engineering or any of the physical sciences are taught the essential disciplines of measurement science to enable them to design electronic measuring.
Design, manufacturing and testing of gauges of all kinds. Misuse of the instruments results in th adjust the zero of instruments. Different types of errors in electrical measuring instruments. Electrical measurements course introduces the basic principles of all measuring instruments. These instruments are most widely used in engineering practice because they are simple and inexpensive. Be able to perform simple electrical measurements of voltage, current, and. The connection of the wattmeter for the measurement of electric power. All testo electrical testing equipment has gone through extensive tests to ensure it is reliable, robust, and suitable for a range of electrical. Classification of measuring instruments the instrument used for measuring the physical and electrical quantities is known as the measuring instrument. Understanding about industrial instrumentation in real time applications. Friends is video me ham apko types of electrical measuring instruments ke bare me bata rahe hai, jisme apko according to the utility. The instruments used to measure any quantity are known as measuring instruments. The instruments duty is to measure the given specimen according to the given dimensions.
The basic electronics testing equipments under this category include the following. Classification of measuring instruments electrical measurements. Like its name, it works like an ammeter, voltmeter, and ohmmeter to measure current, voltage, and resistance, respectively. It is unfortunate that an electrical system normally depends upon a. Emphasising simple methods and instruments, materials aspects, electrochemistry, and. This book explains the basic measurement techniques, instruments, and methods used in everyday practice. Electrical methods of indicating the output of the detectors are more rapid than mechanical methods. The devise that is used for measurement of certain physical quantity is called as measuring instrument.